Linux Like a Boss | Dev Notes

#Linux Like a Boss#

Introduction

This cheatsheet contains various terminal commands for Ubuntu, but they should work for any debian based Linux flavour. Maintained by @DavidCWebs - get in touch with me via Twitter.

This should really be in wiki format, but I’m playing with GitHub pages!

General Commands

Change Directory	Move up one Directory	Move to Root
`cd /path/to/dir`	`cd..`	`cd /`

Move to Users Home	Show the directory you’re in	Find file whose name starts with “file”, starting from root directory
`cd ~`	`pwd`	`find / -name 'file*'`

Managing Files & Directories

Copy an entire directory and it’s contents, including sub directories & files:

sudo cp -r /path/to/source /path/to/destination

Delete Directory	Delete directory and contents with no warnings	Move file to destination directory
`rm -r dirname`	`rm -rf dirname`	`mv file.txt destination-dir`

List all files in a directory	Write files & directories list to a file	Include hidden files and directories, preceded with “.”
`ls -l`	`ls -LR >> list.txt`	`ls -a`

List all files in a directory	Write files & directories list to a file	Include hidden files and directories, preceded with “.”
`ls -l`	`ls -LR >> list.txt`	`ls -a`

List contents of parent directory	Print directory contents to print.txt	Remove file1 in current directory
`ls ../`	`ls > print.txt`	`rm file1`

Tree is a directory listing programme that displays files and folders recursively in a tree structure.

Install Tree	Write files/dirs in tree format	Tree format with file permissions
`sudo apt-get install tree`	`tree >> inventory.txt`	`tree -p >> inventory.txt`

Rename file extensions:

rename 's/\.foo$/\.bar/' * SPECIFIC EXAMPLE: rename 's/\.gddoc$/\.txt/' *

Managing Groups

List all groups on system	Create new group	Add user www-data to group
`cat /etc/group`	`sudo groupadd newgrp`	`sudo adduser www-data newgrp`

BASH Scripts

Make /file.sh executable:

sudo chmod +x /file.sh

Move to /usr/local/bin, execute in terminal with file.sh

sudo mv file.sh /usr/local/bin

Managing Users

Add User to Sudoers:

sudo adduser <username> sudo

Create user with password and home folder:

sudo useradd -d /home/testuser -m testuser sudo passwd testuser

WordPress Settings

Set Directory Permissions to 755:

find /var/www/domain.com/path-to-wp -type d -exec chmod 755 {} \;

Set File Permissions to 644:

find /var/www/path-to-wp -type f -exec chmod 644 {} \;

Create a MySQL Database with new user & password:

mysql -u root -pROOTPASSWORD -e "create database db_name; GRANT ALL PRIVILEGES ON db_name.* TO new_user@localhost IDENTIFIED BY 'NewUserPassword'"

Entering root password is optional and may be inadvisable. Leave it out, and the system will prompt for Root password in normal way before carrying out the mysql command.

Sync to Remote Server

This is probably better than scp - since it only transfers the differences between two sets of files. Assumes that SSH has been set up between local and remote.

rsync -az /path/to/source username@host:/path/to/destination

May need to specify SSH:

rsync -az -e ssh /path/to/source username@host:/path/to/destination

HTML version of rsync man page: http://rsync.samba.org/ftp/rsync/rsync.html

Common options used with rsync commands:

-v : verbose
-r : copies data recursively (but don’t preserve timestamps and permission while transferring data
-a : archive mode - preserves almost everything - copies files recursively, preserves symbolic links, file permissions, user & group ownerships and timestamps
-z : compress file data
-h : human-readable, output numbers in a human-readable format

Good description of rsync flags: http://lesterchan.net/blog/2011/07/15/rsync- to-dropbox-jungle-disk/

Secure Copy to/from Remote Server

Copy example.txt from remote machine to local:

scp your_username@123.12.12.123:example.txt /local/directory

Note that this command must be entered in a terminal on the LOCAL machine - permission will be denied if working in a remote terminal.